Why is a small waist so attractive?

Men consistently find women the most attractive when they have a low waist-to-hip ratio — commonly referred to as an hourglass figure. New research provides evidence that men have this preference because it is a reliable signal of physical and sexual maturity in young women who have not been pregnant.

psypost.org - Study: Men find low waist-to-hip ratios attractive because it signals youth

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The findings appear in the journal Evolution and Human Behavior.

“Because evolution depends entirely on individual success in reproducing, anything to do with reproduction, such as choosing a mate, should be optimized by natural selection,” explained study author William D. Lassek, a researcher in the Department of Anthropology at the University of California at Santa Barbara. “Thus understanding the reasons why men find certain women attractive should help us better understand human evolution. The two elements which have been the subject of most research are women’s waist/hip ratios (WHRs) and body mass indices (BMIs).” In research published last year in the journal Evolutionary Psychology, Lassek and his colleagues failed to find evidence that low WHRs and low BMIs were associated with higher fertility in women. For their new study, the researchers analyzed data from more than 12,000 female participants in two National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, a series of studies that assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the United States. WHRs tended to be the smallest around the ages of both adult stature and sexual maturity. In other words, women with low WHRs tended to have a long reproductive lifespan ahead of them. The researchers also found that younger women with lower waist-to-stature ratios tended to have higher levels of omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in their stored fat, an important nutrient during pregnancy and breastfeeding. “For the past 30 years the explanation for male preferences that has generally been accepted is that they look for signs of health and fertility, but we have shown that the very small waist sizes and low BMIs linked with attractiveness in well-nourished women do not indicate better health or fertility,” Lassek told PsyPost. “What they do indicate is that a woman is likely to be young (15-19), has never been pregnant, and has maximal stores of brain building fatty acids. In groups where women have less food and are heavier in their teens, men prefer the higher BMIs that indicate youth. The preference of men for younger women will probably come as no surprise to most women.” “Highly attractive women tend to be 2-4 inches taller than average. We are working on trying to understand why. Also we believe that young women with attractive WHRs and BMIs may be better able to survive a first pregnancy when modern obstetric care is unavailable,” Lassek added. The study, “Evidence supporting nubility and reproductive value as the key to human female physical attractiveness“, was authored by William D. Lassek and Steven J. C. Gaulin.

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Does your stomach shrink when you lose weight?

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webmd.com - 9 Surprising Facts About Your Stomach - WebMD

From those burning, churning feelings that erupt whenever we eat our favorite foods, to the bloating that keeps us from zipping up our jeans, to the gas that can make us the most unpopular person in the elevator, our stomach can be the cause of some major inconveniences, if not some outright health concerns. Still, experts say most folks know painfully little about how their stomach and their digestive tract operates -- one reason that solving tummy troubles can seem much harder than it has to be. "There are some very popular misconceptions concerning stomach health, most of which can really lead people astray on how to effectively deal with certain problems," says Mark Moyad, MD, director of preventive and alternative medicine at the University of Michigan Medical Center in Ann Arbor. David Greenwald, MD, agrees. "Sometimes what seems like a complex, difficult or even frightening problem really is a simple one, with a simple solution, if you can separate the myths from the facts," says Greenwald, an associate professor at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center in New York City. To help set the record straight, Greenwald, Moyad, and NYU director of pediatric gastroenterology Joseph Levy, MD, helped WebMD prepare the following gut-busting challenge. Try to separate the myths from the facts to see how much you really know about how to keep your tummy healthy and happy.

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