What happens when liver gets damaged?

Liver failure can occur due to liver damage caused by liver disease. However, it's not inevitable that liver damage and disease will lead to liver failure. Liver failure can be a life threatening emergency, and it may be acute or chronic.

healthline.com - Liver Disease Stages: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

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Liver damage typically has four stages, beginning with inflammation and progressing all the way to end-stage liver disease (ESLD). Liver disease refers to any condition that inflames or damages your liver. Damage to your liver can accumulate through several stages of liver disease. Each stage has a cumulative effect on your liver’s ability to function properly. The four stages of liver damage or disease are: inflammation

fibrosis

cirrhosis

Stages of liver damage or disease Damage from liver disease can accrue throughout several stages. With each stage, your liver’s ability to function is increasingly affected. Inflammation In this early stage, your liver becomes enlarged or inflamed. Many people with liver inflammation don’t experience symptoms. If the inflammation continues, permanent liver damage can occur. Fibrosis Fibrosis happens when an inflamed liver begins to develop scars. The scar tissue that’s generated in this stage takes the place of healthy liver tissue, but it can’t perform the same functions. This can start to affect your liver’s ability to function optimally. Liver fibrosis can be hard to detect because symptoms aren’t often present. Cirrhosis In cirrhosis, severe liver scarring has occurred, leading to a buildup of scar tissue. Because there isn’t as much healthy liver tissue, it becomes very difficult for your liver to function properly. While symptoms may not have been present in earlier stages, you may begin to experience symptoms of liver disease. End-stage liver disease (ESLD) ESLD is an umbrella term that can be used to describe conditions such as: decompensated cirrhosis, or advanced cirrhosis

stage 4 hepatitis C

chronic liver failure At this stage, liver function has deteriorated dramatically. ESLD is associated with complications such as ascites (a type of abdominal swelling) and hepatic encephalopathy (reduced brain function). The only treatment that can reverse ESLD is a liver transplant. Liver failure Liver failure is when your liver can’t work well enough to perform its many vital functions, such as clearing your blood of toxic substances and producing bile to help you digest food. Liver failure can occur due to liver damage caused by liver disease. However, it’s not inevitable that liver damage and disease will lead to liver failure. Liver failure can be a life threatening emergency, and it may be acute or chronic. Acute liver failure comes on quickly and often occurs in people who don’t have a preexisting liver condition. Chronic liver failure occurs due to liver damage that develops slowly over time. Diagnosis of liver issues To diagnose liver issues, a doctor will start by taking your medical history and performing a physical examination. Afterward, they may perform a variety of additional tests, including: Liver function tests: Liver function tests assess the levels of various proteins and enzymes in your blood. These proteins and enzymes can indicate how well your liver functions.

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Liver function tests assess the levels of various proteins and enzymes in your blood. These proteins and enzymes can indicate how well your liver functions. Other blood tests: The doctor may also perform a complete blood count or test for conditions that can cause liver damage, such as viral hepatitis or genetic conditions. The doctor may also perform a complete blood count or test for conditions that can cause liver damage, such as viral hepatitis or genetic conditions. Imaging tests: Imaging technology such as an ultrasound, a CT scan, or an MRI can help the doctor visualize your liver. Imaging technology such as an ultrasound, a CT scan, or an MRI can help the doctor visualize your liver. Biopsy: Taking a tissue sample from your liver can help the doctor see if scar tissue is present. The sample can also help them identify what may be causing your condition. Learn more about liver biopsy. Treatment for liver issues Various treatments are available for liver damage, disease, and failure. Medications Antiviral medications can treat a viral hepatitis infection, and immune-suppressing medications can treat autoimmune hepatitis. Lifestyle changes The doctor may recommend lifestyle changes as part of your treatment. These changes can include: abstaining from alcohol

losing weight, if you have overweight

avoiding certain medications Acute liver failure treatment Acute liver failure is often treated in a hospital’s intensive care unit (ICU). You’ll receive supportive care to help stabilize your condition and help you manage any complications during treatment and recovery. If a healthcare professional suspects a medication overdose or reaction, they may give you drugs to reverse the effects. A doctor may also recommend a liver transplant for some people with acute liver failure. Can liver damage be reversed? According to the advocacy group American Liver Foundation, damage from the inflammation and fibrosis stages of liver failure may be reversed and healed over time if properly identified and treated early. The liver damage caused by cirrhosis is often not reversible, although it can be slowed or stopped. If you have ESLD, you may require a liver transplant. During a transplant, a surgeon removes the diseased liver and replaces it with a liver from a healthy donor. Tips for a healthy liver You can help prevent liver damage, disease, and failure by making lifestyle changes that keep your liver happy and healthy. Here are some tips for improving liver health: Drink alcohol in moderation, and never mix medications with alcohol.

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Take medications only when needed, and carefully follow any dosing instructions.

Consult a doctor before mixing medications.

Maintain a moderate weight. There’s a connection between obesity and fatty liver disease.

Get vaccinated against hepatitis A and hepatitis B.

Have regular physicals during which your doctor performs liver function tests.

healthline.com - Liver Disease Stages: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

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