What causes a pannus?

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes your body's immune system to attack your joints. This causes swelling, pain, and pannus — an abnormal tissue growth in the joints.

healthline.com - What is Pannus? Causes, Side Effects, and Treatment - Healthline

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What is pannus? Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes your body’s immune system to attack your joints. This causes swelling, pain, and pannus — an abnormal tissue growth in the joints. This tissue can spread to your bones and cartilage, causing cartilage destruction, bone deterioration, pain, and inflammation. Though this disorder can affect any joint in the body, those usually affected in RA are the joints of the hands, wrists, and fingers. Rheumatoid pannus formation When RA attacks your joints, it also attacks the surrounding tissues. The tissue that lines your joints is the synovial membrane or the synovium. The normal synovium that lubricates your joints is only a few blood cells thick. When you develop RA, your white blood cells attack the synovium, releasing proteins that cause blood vessels in the synovium to multiply. This increased blood flow encourages tissue growth at an accelerated rate. In response , your synovial membrane will thicken and take over the small space between your joints and bones. The pannus can become rough and irregular and will eventually cover your bones and cartilage. During the early stages of RA, pannus is more likely to grow in small joints, such as the wrists, hands, and feet. Pannus can also grow in the eye cornea, prosthetic heart valve, and abdomen. Over time, it can resemble a tumor and may form in larger joints during later stages of the disease, including the knees or shoulders. Pannus side effects Pannus growth can cause bone and cartilage damage over time. Without proper treatment, it can cause: pain

irreversible damage to your tendons

damage to bone marrow

bone deterioration

permanent deformity Pannus can also cause excess fluid production. Your synovial membrane produces small amounts of fluid to keep your joints lubricated. If pannus grows, it also produces more fluid. This can cause inflammation, joint swelling, and tissue deterioration.

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