What are the red flags for multiple myeloma?

High blood levels of calcium Extreme thirst, leading to drinking a lot. Urinating (peeing) a lot. Dehydration. Kidney problems and even kidney failure.

cancer.org - Signs and Symptoms of Multiple Myeloma - American Cancer Society

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Signs and Symptoms of Multiple Myeloma

Some patients with multiple myeloma have no symptoms at all. Others can have common symptoms of the disease including:

Bone problems

Bone pain, which can be in any bone, but is most often in the back, the hips, and skull

Bone weakness, either all over (osteoporosis), or where there is a plasmacytoma

Broken bones (fractures), sometimes from only a minor stress or injury

Low blood counts

Shortages of red blood cells, white blood cells, and blood platelets are common in multiple myeloma and might lead to other symptoms. Anemia: A reduced number of red blood cells that can cause weakness, a reduced ability to exercise, shortness of breath, and dizziness. Leukopenia: Too few white blood cells that can lower resistance to infections such as pneumonia. Thrombocytopenia: When blood platelet counts are low which may cause serious bleeding even with minor scrapes, cuts, or bruises. .

High blood levels of calcium

High levels of calcium in the blood (called hypercalcemia) can cause:

Extreme thirst, leading to drinking a lot

Urinating (peeing) a lot

Dehydration

Kidney problems and even kidney failure

Severe constipation,

Abdominal (belly) pain

Loss of appetite

Weakness

Feeling drowsy

Confusion

If the level of calcium gets high enough, you can even slip into a coma.

Nervous system symptoms

If myeloma weakens the bones in the spine, they can collapse and press on spinal nerves. This is called spinal cord compression and can cause

Sudden severe back pain

Numbness, most often in the legs

Muscle weakness, most often in the legs.

This is a medical emergency and you should contact your doctor right away or go to the emergency room. If spinal cord compression is not treated right away, there is a possibility of permanent paralysis.

Nerve damage

Sometimes, the abnormal proteins produced by myeloma cells are toxic to nerves. This damage can lead to weakness and numbness and sometimes a “pins and needles” sensation. This is also called peripheral neuropathy.

Hyperviscosity

In some patients, large amounts of myeloma protein can cause the blood to “thicken.” This thickening is called hyperviscosity. It can slow blood flow to the brain and cause:

Confusion

Dizziness

Symptoms of a stroke, like weakness on one side of the body and slurred speech Patients with these symptoms should call their doctor. Removing the protein from the blood using a procedure called plasmapheresis can rapidly reverse this problem. (Note: This is not something that can be treated with drugs known as “blood thinners.”)

Kidney problems

Myeloma protein can damage the kidneys. Early on, this doesn’t cause any symptoms, but signs of kidney damage may be seen on a blood test or a urine test. As the kidneys start to fail, they lose the ability to get rid of excess salt, fluid, and body waste products. This can lead to symptoms such as:

Weakness

Shortness of breath

Itching

Leg swelling.

Infections

Myeloma patients are much more likely to get infections. When someone with myeloma gets an infection, they may be slow to respond to treatment. That person may stay sick for a long time. Pneumonia is a common and serious infection seen in myeloma patients.

Signs and symptoms of light chain amyloidosis

Patients with amyloidosis (discussed in What Is Multiple Myeloma?) can have some of the same problems as patients with myeloma, such as kidney problems and nerve damage. They can also have other problems, such as:

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