Tropical Weight Loss
Tropical Weight Loss
Photo: Lucas Guimarães
Androgens stimulate sebum production. Therefore, due to higher androgen levels male seborrheic glands produce more sebum leading to fatty glow and coarser pores of the skin [2].
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Read More »Testosterone is the most important androgen. Testosterone production starts from adrenarche in both sexes: in males in the testes, in females in the ovaries and in both sexes to a lesser part in the adrenal cortex, too. Circulating in blood certain amounts of testosterone are bonded to Sexual Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG). The free part represents the active steroid affecting various organs to a certain extent. Testosterone is responsible for the formation of the male-phenotype, development of muscular tissue, bone density, and in a certain way it influences the fat/sugar metabolism. It also has a big impact on skin, skin appendages, and hair in particular. Testosterone increases sebum production (seborrhoea) and controls hair growth as well as hair loss in certain areas of the body. There is specific impact of steroid hormones in both sexes. Testosterone/estrogen ratio in males and females gives reason for differences in skin thickness and texture. Male epidermis for example is 20% thicker than female epidermis, being able to bind a larger amount of moisture, and containing more collagen in all ages, thus, making male skin more dense and vigorous [1]. Androgens stimulate sebum production. Therefore, due to higher androgen levels male seborrheic glands produce more sebum leading to fatty glow and coarser pores of the skin [2]. Consequently, acne, acneiform eruptions, and blemishes are more common in seborrheic areas (face, back, upper thorax, shoulders) (Figure 1). Due to androgen triggered follicular hyperkeratosis sebum is “trapped” within the follicle forming primary acne lesions (comedones). Comedones act as ideal breeding ground for habitual microbacteria like several cocci, propionibacterium acnes, and certain malassessia species, making them proliferate above physiological amounts. Hence, these microbacteria metabolize only a certain amount of sebum “leaving behind” free fatty acids. These “corrode” the follicular epithelium, and invading surrounding tissue they lead to irritation and immuno-chemical reactions. Chemotaxis causes “invasion” of granulocytes, inflammation, and development of secondary acne lesions (papules, pustules, nodes, and cysts). Severe manifestations may also involve sweat glands leading to hidradenitis or cause fistulae and gum boils in axillary, inguinal, or perineal locations. Early treatment of acne lesions aims at limitation of long-term sequels.
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Read More »Wet shaving is an additional risk factor for male facial skin, causing dryness, irritation, redness, and exfoliation, as well as cutting damage caused by the razor blade followed by bleeding and scar formation. Decades back, male skin care consisted of washing and shaving only, since the beginning of the 21st century it has changed a lot. Today, skin care products particularly designed for male skin have revolutionized the market. A great variety of cosmeceuticals, aligned to the individual skin type, is now used by the young generation. In general, water contact exhausts lipids from epidermal skin layers. Frequent water contact disturbing the barrier function of the skin, leads to dryness and eczema reactions. Moreover, testosterone has proven negative effect on the barrier function, making male skin particularly more sensitive than female skin [3]. Regular application of skin care products can reduce vulnerability of the skin and eczema probability by supplying the skin with lipids and moisture. On one hand, male skin regenerates more quickly than female skin due to testosterone controlled higher cellular turnover, on the other hand wound healing turns out to occur more slow than in females, due to higher testosterone levels [4]. In females hyperandrogenism causes characteristic changes of the skin and impacts on hair growth, resulting in fatty skin and hair by increased sebum production (seborrhea), acne, hirsutism, androgenetic alopecia, as when all together, they can be summarized under the term SAHA-syndrome and hyperpigmentation in skin folds, referred to as acanthosis nigricans. Severity may vary, but exclusion of polycystic ovary syndrome should be accomplished [5]. There is a lack of evidence-based literature on the context of testosterone and skin aging [6]. Sparse trials have shown that there is no specific difference in skin aging processes in both sexes. Presumably, males tend to develop a larger number of seborrheic keratosis and females preferably solar lentigines [7]. UV-exposure and Fitzpatrickskin- type are predispositions for developing wrinkles and rhytides in both sexes [8]. Males may develop melanomas more easily than women [9,10].
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